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Executive Function and BMI Trajectories Among Rural, Poor Youth at High Risk for Obesity.

Brandi Y Rollins1, Nathaniel R Riggs2, Lori A Francis1

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This study identified distinct developmental paths for executive function (EF) and obesity in rural youth. Some youth with low EF faced severe obesity risks, highlighting varied intervention needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Public health
  • Pediatric obesity research

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) and obesity are critical developmental outcomes.
  • Understanding their conjoint trajectories is vital for early intervention, especially in vulnerable populations.
  • Rural, low-income youth face unique challenges impacting both EF and obesity risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify longitudinal developmental trajectories of executive function (EF) and obesity in poor, rural youth.
  • To examine how infant growth, parental BMI, and cumulative risk influence these conjoint trajectories.
  • To inform targeted interventions for obesity prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 948 youth from the Family Life Project.
  • Measurement of child anthropometrics and EF tasks at multiple time points.
  • Analysis using multidimensional growth mixture modeling.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct classes emerged: High EF-High Obesity Resilience, Low EF-Delayed-Onset Severe Obesity, and Low EF-Early-Onset Severe Obesity.
  • Low EF, early-onset obesity class showed higher birth weight and early BMI.
  • Low EF, delayed-onset obesity class exhibited rapid infant weight gain, parental obesity, and higher cumulative risk.

Conclusions:

  • Most youth demonstrated obesity resilience despite elevated risk.
  • EF deficits significantly increase severe obesity risk, but BMI trajectories vary.
  • Tailored interventions are needed based on individual EF and obesity risk profiles.