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Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

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Published on: May 15, 2017

Acute Polychlorinated Biphenyl Benthic Invertebrate Toxicity Testing to Support the 2017 Chronic Dose-Response

Kenneth Finkelstein¹, Edward F Wirth², K W Chung³

¹Office of Response and Restoration, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

|December 28, 2020

Summary

This study validates a 2017 model predicting polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) harm to benthic invertebrates using updated acute toxicity data. Results confirm the model

Keywords:

Aqueous acute and chronic toxicity Equilibrium partitioning PCB sediment dose response PCBs Sediment injury

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Area of Science:

Environmental Toxicology
Marine Biology
Ecotoxicology

Background:

Estimating pollutant risk to benthic organisms is challenging.
A 2017 chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment dose-response model was developed to predict invertebrate injury.
Concerns arose regarding the age of the toxicity data used in the 2017 model.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide more recent toxicity data for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) risk assessment.
To validate the existing 2017 chronic PCB sediment dose-response model using updated data.
To assess the reliability of the proposed chronic PCB sediment criterion.

Main Methods:

Conducted acute aquatic toxicity testing on three estuarine invertebrates using lethal endpoints.
Converted aquatic toxicity results to sediment toxicity using equilibrium partitioning (EqP) methods.
Compared acute sediment toxicity data with the 2017 model's predictions and EqP-derived chronic values.

Main Results:

Acute aquatic toxicity data, when converted to sediment values, supported the 2017 model's predictions.
An acute-to-chronic injury ratio of approximately 10 was applied.
Modest agreement was observed between spiked sediment test results and the EqP-derived chronic value.

Conclusions:

The 2017 chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment dose-response model remains valid.
A chronic PCB sediment criterion of 1.0 µg/g is a reasonable estimate for benthic invertebrate injury.
Updated data supports the continued use of the 2017 model for pollutant risk assessment.