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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Cigarettes smoking and androgen receptor-positive breast cancer
Margherita Pizzato1, Greta Carioli1, Stefano Rosso2
1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan.
Objectives:
Cigarette smoking is related to higher levels of circulating androgens, but its association with androgen receptor (AR) status is still unaddressed.
Methods:
We analysed, with a case-only approach, smoking habits according to AR status in 112 cases of invasive female breast cancer, from the Piedmont Cancer Registry. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding confidence interval (CI).
Results:
The OR of AR-positive breast cancer (versus AR-negative) for ever smokers (versus never) was 2.85 (95% CI 1.02-7.96).
Conclusion:
Smoking is related to AR-positive breast cancer.
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