Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026
Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
Published on: July 27, 2018
Temporal changes in personal activity intelligence and mortality: Data from the aerobics center longitudinal study
Javaid Nauman1, Ross Arena2, Nina Zisko3
1Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
Maintaining a high Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) score or increasing it over time significantly reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risk. This highlights PAI as a valuable metric for long-term health and longevity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) is a metric designed to simplify physical activity recommendations.
- Previous studies in Norwegians indicated that a PAI score ≥100 weekly, along with increases and sustained high levels, delays cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.
- The association between long-term PAI changes and mortality in other populations remained uninvestigated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between temporal changes in PAI and mortality in a large US population.
- To determine if PAI score changes over time correlate with reduced risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 17,613 relatively healthy US adults with at least two medical examinations between 1974-2002 was analyzed.
- Weekly PAI scores were estimated twice, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess mortality risks related to PAI changes.
- Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for CVD and all-cause mortality.
Main Results:
- Over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 1144 deaths (400 CVD) occurred. An inverse linear association was found between PAI change and CVD mortality risk.
- Maintaining high PAI (≥100) at both examinations was linked to a 51% reduced CVD mortality risk and 42% reduced all-cause mortality risk.
- Increasing PAI from zero to ≥100 was associated with a 25% reduced CVD mortality risk and 18% reduced all-cause mortality risk, with significant years of life gained.
Conclusions:
- In a relatively healthy US population, increasing or maintaining a high PAI score over time is associated with reduced risks of CVD and all-cause mortality.
- Clinicians can recommend a PAI of at least 100 for optimal protection, but benefits are also observed at lower-to-moderate sustained PAI levels.
