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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Long-term risk of pneumothorax in asthmatic children: A 12-year population-based cohort study

Chien-Heng Lin1,2, Cheng-Li Lin3,4, Wei-Ching Lin4,5

  • 1Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital.

Medicine
|December 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Asthmatic children face a higher risk of pneumothorax, a serious lung condition. This risk is especially elevated in young children and those with severe, uncontrolled asthma, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pneumothorax is a critical complication of acute asthma attacks.
  • The long-term risk of pneumothorax in pediatric asthma patients is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term incidence and risk of pneumothorax in children with asthma compared to non-asthmatic children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study involving 333,657 children with asthma and a matched non-asthma cohort (2000-2011).
  • Analysis of pneumothorax incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) up to 2012.
  • Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, and asthma severity indicators (outpatient visits, ED visits, hospitalization duration).

Main Results:

  • The incidence of pneumothorax was 1.35 times higher in the asthma cohort versus the non-asthma cohort.
  • Increased pneumothorax risk was observed in younger children (<6 years; HR: 1.76) and girls (HR: 2.27).
  • Higher risks were associated with uncontrolled asthma: >5 outpatient visits/year (HR: 2.81), >4 ED visits/year (HR: 1.68), and >4 hospitalization days (HR: 3.42).

Conclusions:

  • Asthmatic children exhibit an elevated risk of pneumothorax.
  • Younger children and those with severe, uncontrolled asthma are particularly vulnerable.
  • Findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and management in pediatric asthma to mitigate pneumothorax risk.

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