Pathophysiology and pharmacological management of pulmonary and cardiovascular features of COVID-19

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Walid Hamouche1, Malik Bisserier2, Agnieszka Brojakowska2

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Internal Medicine Department, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|December 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This review examines COVID-19 epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. It also highlights potential treatments and vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The first COVID-19 case in the US was reported January 20, 2020.
  • As of November 24, 2020, over 12.2 million cases and 255,958 deaths were reported in the US.
  • The rapid transmission and varied presentation of SARS-CoV-2 establish COVID-19 as a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss global and US epidemiological data and risk factors for COVID-19.
  • To summarize the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including molecular mechanisms of respiratory and cardiovascular effects.
  • To highlight potential treatments, vaccines, and ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data.
  • Summary of current research on SARS-CoV-2 molecular mechanisms.
  • Overview of therapeutic and vaccine development for COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 has demonstrated rapid global transmission and significant mortality.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection involves complex molecular pathways affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Numerous treatments and vaccines are under investigation, with several in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding COVID-19 epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for public health.
  • Ongoing research into treatments and vaccines offers hope for managing the pandemic.
  • Continued vigilance and research are necessary to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
COVID-19Clinical featuresPhysiopathologyTreatment

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