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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Plant-Based Vaccines: The Way Ahead?

Zacharie LeBlanc1, Peter Waterhouse1,2, Julia Bally1

  • 1Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.

Viruses
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Plant-based biologics offer a scalable and cost-effective solution for rapid vaccine and therapeutic production during pandemics. These systems can act as crucial "first responders" to meet urgent global health demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Virology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Emergent infectious diseases and pandemics are increasing in frequency and global reach.
  • Conventional biologics manufacturing faces challenges in rapidly scaling up vaccine and therapeutic production during health crises.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted critical supply chain vulnerabilities for timely biologics development and deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey current biologics production systems for pandemic preparedness.
  • To evaluate the potential of plant-based production systems as rapid-response manufacturing platforms.
  • To explore the role of plant-based systems in addressing urgent vaccine and therapeutic needs during emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biologics production systems.
  • Analysis of the capabilities and limitations of conventional manufacturing.
  • Assessment of plant-based production technologies, including plant virus-based tools.
  • Evaluation of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility of plant systems.

Main Results:

  • Plant-based biologics production has reached commercial viability over the last three decades.
  • These systems can produce complex, glycosylated molecules suitable for pharmaceutical use.
  • Plant systems offer advantages in low cost, high scalability, and production flexibility compared to conventional methods.
  • Ongoing research is enhancing plant virus-based tools for maximum biomass utilization in transient production.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-based production systems demonstrate significant potential as "first responders" for pandemic preparedness.
  • Their rapid development and large-scale manufacturing capabilities can address urgent needs for vaccines and therapeutics.
  • Continued investment in plant-based technologies is crucial for strengthening global health security against future outbreaks.