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Related Experiment Videos

Expecting Questions Modulates Cognitive Effort in a Syntactic Processing Task: Evidence From Pupillometry.

Laura Roche Chapman1, Brooke Hallowell2

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pupillometry measures cognitive effort, but comprehension questions increase task-evoked pupillary responses (TERPs) for difficult sentences. This highlights the importance of task design in language processing studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pupillometry offers insights into cognitive effort and attention.
  • Understanding pupillary responses in language processing is crucial, especially for individuals with aphasia.
  • The impact of comprehension questions on pupillometry in language tasks remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how comprehension questions influence pupillometric measures of cognitive effort and task engagement.
  • To examine the effect of sentence canonicity on pupillary responses during syntactic processing.
  • To lay groundwork for future pupillometry research with aphasia populations.

Main Methods:

  • Forty adults without aphasia participated in a syntactic processing task.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants listened to canonical (easy) and noncanonical (difficult) sentences.
  • Two conditions were used: with explicit comprehension questions and without.

    • Main Results:

    • Task-evoked pupillary responses (TERPs) for difficult sentences were significantly larger than for easy sentences, but only in the question condition.
    • No significant differences in tonic pupillary responses were found between the question and no-question conditions.
    • Sentence canonicity influenced cognitive effort (TERPs) only when participants anticipated comprehension questions.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive effort during syntactic processing, as measured by TERPs, is heightened when participants expect comprehension questions.
    • Attentiveness levels remained consistent across conditions, suggesting the observed changes reflect cognitive effort rather than general arousal.
    • Task design and precise linguistic control are vital for accurate pupillometry in language research.