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Microbiome changes associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review
L Brubaker1, S Luu2, Kl Hoffman3
1Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Summary
Altered gut microbiomes are linked to acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). While changes are evident, studies can't yet confirm if they cause or result from pancreatitis, highlighting a need for further research.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Altered intestinal microbiota is observed in pancreatic disorders.
- The causal relationship between gut microbiome changes and pancreatitis (acute and chronic) is not fully understood.
- This systematic review aims to characterize the gut microbiome in pancreatitis patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and characterize the gut microbiome in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP).
- To identify patterns of microbial composition and function associated with pancreatitis.
- To assess the quality of existing research on the gut microbiome in pancreatitis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (2000-2020).
- Inclusion of studies on pancreatitis microbiota; exclusion of animal studies, reviews, case reports, and non-English articles.
- Frequency analysis of outcomes and assessment of study bias and evidence quality.
Main Results:
- 22 papers met inclusion criteria (15 AP, 7 CP).
- Decreased alpha diversity and altered beta diversity of the gut microbiome were observed in both AP and CP.
- Microbiome changes were associated with infectious pathways; however, study quality was often low, and designs were insufficient to determine causality.
Conclusions:
- Microbial composition differences in pancreatitis may offer diagnostic potential.
- Further well-controlled, longitudinal studies are required to establish whether gut microbiome alterations are causative or reactive in pancreatitis.
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