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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

The Microfluidic Probe: Operation and Use for Localized Surface Processing

The Microfluidic Probe: Operation and Use for Localized Surface Processing

Published on: June 4, 2009

Pixel-based open-space microfluidics for versatile surface processing.

Pierre-Alexandre Goyette¹, Étienne Boulais², Maude Tremblay²

¹Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 30, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a pixelated chemical display (PCD) for scalable, reconfigurable liquid handling on open surfaces. This technology enables precise reagent patterning for diverse applications in biology and chemistry.

Keywords:

microfluidics open-space microfluidics surface processing

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Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Material Science
Chemical Engineering
Microfluidics

Background:

Current automated liquid handling methods are limited for advanced applications like gradient generation and reconfigurable reagent delivery.
Need for scalable, high-throughput fluid manipulation in diverse scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a novel Pixelated Chemical Display (PCD) for massively parallel and reconfigurable liquid handling on open surfaces.
Demonstrate the scalability and versatility of PCDs for creating complex chemical patterns without physical barriers.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microfluidic pixels by confining fluid streams with neighboring identical streams.
Development of a scalable device architecture capable of generating up to 144 pixels.
Projection of 'chemical moving pictures' using multiple reagents onto both wet and dry surfaces.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of PCDs for highly parallel, reconfigurable liquid handling.
Formation of stable microfluidic pixels capable of precise reagent delivery.
Challenged existing paradigms in open-space microfluidics regarding reagent confinement rates.

Conclusions:

PCDs offer a foundational technology for massively parallel surface processing using continuous flow.
This approach enables versatile applications in wet and dry surface patterning, including roll-to-roll processes.
PCDs represent a significant advancement in open-space microfluidic liquid handling.