Comparative Study on Different Hormones between Normal Pregnant Women and Women Experiencing Miscarriage

Pregnancy leads to a complex alteration in hormonal levels and metabolism in the maternal and fetal system and if undesirable alteration is experienced, complications may be seen. Common complications of pregnancy include gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, and pregnancy loss or miscarriage. Miscarriage is defined as a spontaneous pregnancy loss occurring before 20 weeks of gestation. It has been seen in around 10%-15% of clinically recognized pregnancies.

This study was designed to evaluate the levels of different serum hormones between cases and controls group.

Pregnant women before 20 weeks of gestation were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, visiting Adesh hospital Bathinda. After recording the history, blood was drawn and serum thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), prolactin and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) were analyzed using TSOSH automated immunoassay analyzer.

Overall data and data of the 1^st trimester suggested significant differences in the mean level of serum TT3, TSH, β-hCG, and prolactin between controls and cases (P ≤ 0.05). However, serum TT4 did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). In 2^nd-trimester significant difference in the mean level of serum TSH was only observed between controls and cases (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, after applying Pearson's correlation, an inverse relation was only observed between serum TT3 and TSH of both control and cases (P ≤ 0.05).

This study emphasized that screening of women during pregnancy for different serum hormones may provide useful lead about the fate of pregnancy and better understanding of different hormones may reduce the rate of miscarriages and other complications related to pregnancy.