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Comparative Transcriptomics Identifies Neuronal and Metabolic Adaptations to Hypergravity and Microgravity in

Craig R G Willis1, Nathaniel J Szewczyk2,3, Sylvain V Costes4

  • 1Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.

Iscience
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Summary

Spaceflight causes health decline, but this study reveals how altered gravity affects gene regulation in worms. Key genes involved in neuronal function and metabolism were identified, offering targets for future therapies.

Keywords:
NeuroscienceSpace SciencesTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Genomics
  • Comparative transcriptomics

Background:

  • Extended spaceflight poses significant health risks to astronauts.
  • Understanding molecular responses to altered gravity is crucial for mitigating these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hypergravity and microgravity on gene expression in *Caenorhabditis elegans*.
  • To identify genes and pathways responsive to gravity changes relevant to spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis of *Caenorhabditis elegans*.
  • Exposure to varying degrees of hypergravity.
  • Analysis of data from two spaceflight experiments (ICE-FIRST and CERISE).

Main Results:

  • Progressive hypergravity increases differential gene regulation.
  • Approximately 1,000 genes show reproducible expression changes in microgravity.
  • Identified candidate genes linked to neuronal function, cellular metabolism, and daf-16/FOXO signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Gravity alterations significantly impact gene expression profiles.
  • daf-16/FOXO signaling pathway is implicated in response to altered gravity.
  • Findings provide a foundation for understanding spaceflight-induced maladaptation and developing countermeasures.