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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Laboratory interference in the thyroid function test.

Katarzyna Paczkowska1, Anna Otlewska2, Olga Loska3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. katarzyna.paczkowska@student.umed.wroc.pl.

Endokrynologia Polska
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone and TSH tests are vital for diagnosis. Investigating discrepancies between lab results and symptoms is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure accurate thyroid disorder management.

Keywords:
immunoassaylaboratory interferencethyroid function test

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone and TSH tests are essential for diagnosing and managing thyroid disorders globally.
  • Discrepancies between clinical presentation and laboratory findings necessitate careful investigation to avoid misdiagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing thyroid hormone immunoassays.
  • To discuss methods for minimizing false results and misdiagnoses in thyroid function testing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of factors affecting hormonal immunoassays.
  • Analysis of common interferences in thyroid function tests.

Main Results:

  • Common interfering factors include heterophilic antibodies, macro TSH, biotin, and autoantibodies.
  • Laboratory interferences can lead to inaccurate thyroid function test results.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and identifying interferences are critical for accurate thyroid hormone testing.
  • Implementing strategies to mitigate interference is essential for reliable diagnosis and treatment.