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Prism Adaptation in M1.

Francesco Panico1, Lisa Fleury2,3, Luigi Trojano1

  • 1University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Prism adaptation (PA) involves sensorimotor changes that can be enhanced by primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation. M1 plays a key role in acquiring and storing these adaptation effects, even after training stops.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Prism adaptation (PA) induces lasting sensorimotor modifications with cognitive implications.
  • PA is explored as a rehabilitation strategy for spatial cognition deficits.
  • Existing models of PA lack a full understanding of the primary motor cortex (M1) role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in prism adaptation (PA) using recent neurostimulation findings.
  • To elucidate the contribution of M1 to the acquisition and storage of PA.
  • To describe the hierarchical mechanisms, timing, and anatomical correlates of PA, identifying M1's interface function.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of findings from clinical studies.

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  • Analysis of neuroimaging data.
  • Integration of results from noninvasive brain stimulation studies, particularly those involving M1 stimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation reactivates sensorimotor changes post-PA.
    • M1 stimulation strengthens after-effects and enhances therapeutic outcomes, including reversing unilateral neglect.
    • M1 is crucial for acquiring and storing PA, maintaining latent changes after training cessation.

    Conclusions:

    • The primary motor cortex (M1) is integral to both the learning and memory consolidation of prism adaptation (PA).
    • M1 acts as a critical anatomo-functional interface, connecting lower- and higher-order PA mechanisms.
    • Findings support M1's role in sensorimotor adaptation beyond PA, highlighting its therapeutic potential.