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Use of the Invertebrate Galleria mellonella as an Infection Model to Study the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
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Translocating Mycobacterium ulcerans: An experimental model.

Nassim Hammoudi1,2, Mustapha Fellag1,2, Muriel Militello1

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Summary

Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA was detected in rat feces and digestive tracts after oral exposure. This suggests herbivorous mammals may spread the bacteria via the digestive route, but are unlikely to be long-term reservoirs.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease characterized by extensive skin lesions.
  • The transmission routes and potential reservoirs of M. ulcerans remain incompletely understood.
  • Previous studies rarely detected M. ulcerans in animal or human feces, challenging current epidemiological models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fate of Mycobacterium ulcerans following oral ingestion in an experimental animal model.
  • To determine if the digestive tract serves as a route for M. ulcerans infection or dissemination.
  • To evaluate the potential role of herbivorous mammals as sources or reservoirs of M. ulcerans.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were experimentally infected with a high dose (10^9 CFU) of M. ulcerans via oral gavage.
  • Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for M. ulcerans DNA over a two-week period.
  • Tissues from the digestive tract, lymphatic system, and skin were analyzed for M. ulcerans DNA at 10 days post-infection.

Main Results:

  • M. ulcerans DNA was detected in rat feces for up to two weeks after oral challenge.
  • M. ulcerans DNA was identified throughout the digestive tract within 10 days of ingestion.
  • M. ulcerans DNA was found in lymphatic tissues (lymph nodes, spleen) but not in skin samples.

Conclusions:

  • Oral ingestion of M. ulcerans can lead to its presence in the digestive tract and feces of rats.
  • The digestive route may facilitate limited translocation of M. ulcerans to lymphatic tissues in herbivorous mammals.
  • Herbivorous mammals could be transient sources of M. ulcerans contamination but are unlikely to act as persistent reservoirs.