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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers

Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers

Published on: January 28, 2016

Optically activated, customizable, excitable cells.

Merrilee Thomas¹, Thomas E Hughes^1,2

¹Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.

|December 30, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed synthetic cells activated by blue light to rapidly screen new neural sensors. This system accelerates the testing of calcium (Ca2+) and voltage sensors for studying neural circuits.

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Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are crucial for understanding neural signaling.
Current methods for testing these sensors are low-throughput and labor-intensive.
There is a need for efficient platforms to develop next-generation neural sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a synthetic, excitable live cell system for medium-throughput screening of neural biosensors.
To develop a platform activated by blue light for rapid sensor evaluation.

Main Methods:

Engineered synthetic cells expressing blue light-activated adenylyl cyclase (bPAC).
Incorporated cAMP-gated ion channels, Kir2.1, NAVROSD, and Connexin-43 to accelerate cellular responses.
Utilized blue light pulses to activate the system and induce Ca2+ transients and voltage changes.

Main Results:

Developed a reproducible, medium-throughput live cell screening platform.
The system generates rapid Ca2+ transients and voltage changes upon blue light stimulation.
Demonstrated the system's utility for screening both Ca2+ and voltage sensors.

Conclusions:

The synthetic excitable cell system provides an efficient platform for advancing neural biosensor development.
This approach significantly reduces the labor and time required for sensor testing.
Facilitates the study of neural circuit signaling through improved sensor technology.