Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

5.8K
Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
5.8K
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

2.9K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
2.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.0K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.0K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

25.6K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
25.6K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.4K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.4K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

2.1K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inner Ear Organoids: Strengths and Limitations.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2024
Same author

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2023
Same author

Human pluripotent stem cells-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development <i>in vitro</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

Inner ear organoids: new tools to understand neurosensory cell development, degeneration and regeneration.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2019
Same journal

Correction to: Mitochondrial Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Macrophages Restricts Inflammation and Alleviates Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice via PGC-1α Activation.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
Same journal

Correction to: Critical role of the potential O-linked glycosylation sites of CXCR4 in cell migration and bone marrow homing of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
Same journal

Brent A. Reynolds, pioneer of adult neural stem cell biology.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
Same journal

CircVapa promotes the abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial stem cells in diabetic state.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
Same journal

Transforming Growth Factor beta-2 (TGFβ2) Drives Trabecular Meshwork Progenitor Cell Differentiation Through SMAD2/3 Signalling.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
Same journal

Circular RNA circEGFR overexpression attenuates chemosensitivity and enhances cancer stemness via targeting IGF2BP2/SOX2 in breast cancer cells.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells
12:17

Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells

Published on: January 2, 2016

8.7K

Directed differentiation and direct reprogramming: Applying stem cell technologies to hearing research.

Marta Roccio1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hearing loss, often irreversible in mammals, stems from cochlear cell damage. Stem cell technologies now offer in vitro human sensory cells for studying hearing loss and testing new therapies.

Keywords:
developmental biologydirect cell conversionembryonic stem cellsnervous systempluripotent stem cellssomatic stem cell transdifferentiationstem cell culture

More Related Videos

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation
09:03

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Published on: January 12, 2015

13.2K
Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
08:30

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

18.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells
12:17

Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells

Published on: January 2, 2016

8.7K
Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation
09:03

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Published on: January 12, 2015

13.2K
Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
08:30

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

18.3K

Area of Science:

  • Oto-neurology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hearing loss is a widespread sensory disorder, primarily caused by damage to cochlear mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.
  • Unlike other vertebrates, mammals cannot naturally repair damaged auditory sensory cells, making hearing loss often permanent.
  • Understanding gene and cellular functions in animal models has identified disease causes and therapeutic targets, but human cell-based assays are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in stem cell technologies for generating human sensory hair cells and neurons in vitro.
  • To discuss the potential of these in vitro models for studying human inner ear biology and disease.
  • To explore the application of these models in validating novel therapeutic strategies for hearing restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on two key stem cell technologies: directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of somatic cells.
  • Utilizes in vitro generated human sensory cell types.
  • Analyzes recent developments and potential implementation of these technologies.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell technologies enable the in vitro generation of human sensory cell types, including hair cells and neurons.
  • These in vitro models provide crucial tools for studying human inner ear biology and modeling hearing-related diseases.
  • The generated cells serve as platforms for evaluating conserved molecular pathways and therapeutic efficacy across species.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro generated human sensory cells are vital for advancing hearing loss research.
  • These stem cell-derived models address the need for human-based assays to validate therapeutic strategies.
  • The adoption of these technologies promises to accelerate the development of novel treatments for hearing restoration.