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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

66.6K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Multi-Interactions in Ionic Liquids for Natural Product Extraction.

Ying Zhang1, Yingying Cao1,2, Hui Wang1,2

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) offer sustainable methods for extracting plant-based compounds. This review details ILs

Keywords:
extractionionic liquidsmulti-interactionsnatural products

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Area of Science:

  • Natural product chemistry
  • Green chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical sciences

Background:

  • Natural products are vital for drug discovery, necessitating efficient extraction techniques for sustainable development.
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) possess unique properties like thermal stability and solvation capabilities, making them suitable for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Multi-interactions, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, are crucial for effective bioactive compound extraction from plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific understanding of hydrogen bonding in ionic liquids (ILs).
  • To summarize the application of conventional and functional ILs in natural product extraction.
  • To highlight the role of multi-interactions in the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on ionic liquids and their applications in natural product extraction.
  • Analysis of the role of hydrogen bonding and other multi-interactions in IL-mediated extraction.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future trends in IL-based natural product isolation.

Main Results:

  • Recent advancements in understanding hydrogen bonding within ILs are presented.
  • The efficacy of ILs in extracting diverse natural products is reviewed.
  • The significant contribution of multi-interactions to extraction efficiency is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids provide a promising avenue for selective and sustainable extraction of bioactive natural products.
  • Further research into IL properties and interactions can optimize extraction processes.
  • This review serves as a guide for researchers entering the field of IL-based natural product extraction.