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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: April 25, 2025
Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes: Implications in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ji Won Han1,2,3, Seung Kew Yoon2,3
1Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hard-to-treat cancer. The recent introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provided viable options to treat HCC, but the response rate is currently not sufficient. Thus, a better understanding of ICI-responding cells within tumors is needed to improve outcomes of ICI treatment in HCC. Recently, tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells were defined as a subset of the memory T cell population; this cell population is actively under investigation to elucidate its role in anti-tumor immunity. In addition, the role of other tissue-resident populations such as tissue resident regulatory T (Treg) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in anti-tumor immunity is also actively being investigated. However, there is no study that summarizes recent studies and discusses future perspectives in terms of tissue resident lymphocytes in HCC. In this review, we summarize key features of tissue-resident lymphocytes and their role in the anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, we review recent studies regarding the characteristics of tissue-resident lymphocytes in HCC and their role in ICI treatment and other immunotherapeutic strategies.
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