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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

4.2K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.8K
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

1.7K
The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
1.7K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

3.9K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
3.9K
IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

1.1K
Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
In IR...
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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

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Mid-infrared quantum optics in silicon.

Lawrence M Rosenfeld, Dominic A Sulway, Gary F Sinclair

    Optics Express
    |December 31, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mid-infrared silicon quantum photonics offers a scalable solution for quantum information technology. This new platform minimizes loss and maximizes manufacturability, paving the way for advanced quantum applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Information technology
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Applied quantum optics promises to revolutionize information technology but faces scaling challenges.
    • Silicon quantum photonics offers miniaturization and manufacturability but suffers from optical loss at 1.55 µm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a new quantum optics platform by translating silicon quantum photonics to the mid-infrared spectrum.
    • To overcome the limitations of linear and nonlinear loss in existing silicon quantum photonics.

    Main Methods:

    • Demonstration of essential platform components including photon-pair generation and single-photon detection.
    • Operation at wavelengths beyond 2 µm to leverage mid-infrared properties.
    • Characterization of quantum interference visibility and coincidence rates.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of photon-pair generation, single-photon detection, and high-visibility quantum interference in the mid-infrared.
    • Observed maximum net coincidence rate of 448 ± 12 Hz.
    • Achieved a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 25.7 ± 1.1 and net two-photon quantum interference visibility of 0.993 ± 0.017.

    Conclusions:

    • Mid-infrared silicon quantum photonics establishes a viable platform that balances manufacturability, miniaturization, and reduced optical loss.
    • This advancement enables new quantum applications previously out of reach.
    • The demonstrated performance metrics highlight the potential for practical quantum technologies.