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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are crucial for quantum information and fundamental physics, but achieving near-unity system efficiency remains a challenge.
    • Niobium nitride (NbN) SNSPDs face difficulties in simultaneously optimizing photon-response and absorption efficiency due to finite nanowire filling ratios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To overcome the limitations of single-layer NbN SNSPDs and achieve record system efficiency.
    • To develop a practical SNSPD design suitable for batch production and various quantum applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Replaced single-layer nanowires with twin-layer nanowires positioned on a dielectric mirror.
    • Fabricated and tested NbN SNSPDs at different operating temperatures (0.8 K and 2.1 K).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a maximal system detection efficiency (SDE) of 98% at 1590 nm and >95% efficiency across 1530-1630 nm at 0.8 K.
    • Demonstrated a maximal SDE of 95% at 1550 nm at 2.1 K using a compact cryocooler.
    • Showcased high fabrication yield (73% with >80% SDE, 36% with >90% SDE) at 2.1 K, indicating robustness and batch production viability.

    Conclusions:

    • Twin-layer NbN SNSPDs on dielectric mirrors effectively overcome previous efficiency limitations.
    • The developed detectors offer high performance and robustness, making them significant for scalable quantum technology and batch manufacturing.