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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
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Calorimetry01:19

Calorimetry

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When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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Picowatt calorimeter for optical absorption spectroscopy.

B Roshanzadeh1, S T P Boyd1, W Rudolph1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a 4 K optical calorimeter capable of measuring absorption spectra with picowatt sensitivity. It achieves ultra-low noise and high-resolution temperature measurements for sensitive optical sample analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Physics
  • Cryogenic Engineering
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of optical absorption is crucial for material characterization.
  • Existing calorimetric techniques face limitations in sensitivity and noise performance at cryogenic temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel optical picowatt calorimeter operating at 4 K.
  • To achieve high sensitivity and resolution for measuring absorption spectra of optical samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cryogen-free cryostat with active temperature stabilization.
  • Employed paramagnetic temperature sensors with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readout.
  • Operated the calorimeter in the temperature range of 4 K.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a minimum detectable absorbed power of 10 picowatts (pW).
  • Demonstrated absorption sensitivities of 0.3 parts per million (ppm) and 0.6 parts per billion (ppb).
  • Established a low noise environment with 700 nK temperature root mean square (rms) and nK temperature resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical calorimeter offers unprecedented sensitivity for absorption spectroscopy.
  • The system is suitable for characterizing optical properties of various materials at cryogenic temperatures.
  • Advanced temperature stabilization and readout techniques are key to achieving high-performance cryogenic measurements.