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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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Nanowire reconstruction under external magnetic fields.

Eva M Fernández1, Silvia N Santalla2, José E Alvarellos1

  • 1Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 31, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We explored magnetic nanowire structures under external fields. A new model reveals phase transitions and structural changes, confirmed by advanced calculations for potential material discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic nanowires exhibit complex behaviors when interacting with surfaces.
  • External magnetic and electric fields can significantly influence their structural configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the structural phase transitions of magnetic nanowires on surfaces.
  • To determine the impact of external fields on nanowire morphology and magnetic ordering.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework using an Ising-like extension of the 1D Frenkel-Kontorova model.
  • Analysis via the transfer matrix formalism.
  • Validation through ab initio calculations employing density functional theory (DFT).

Main Results:

  • Identification of a rich phase diagram with structural reconstructions at finite fields.
  • Observation of a second-order antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition.
  • Theoretical predictions corroborated by DFT calculations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theoretical model accurately describes magnetic nanowire behavior under external fields.
  • The study provides a pathway for identifying real materials exhibiting these complex phenomena.
  • This research opens avenues for experimental investigations in condensed matter physics.