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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor01:24

Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor

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To calculate the inductance of a solid cylindrical conductor, consider a 1-meter section of a non-magnetic, current-carrying conductor with radius r. Disregarding end effects and assuming uniform current density, Ampere's law helps determine the magnetic field inside the conductor. This law states that the magnetic field intensity H is concentric and constant within the conductor.
Given the uniform current distribution, the magnetic field Hx and flux density Bx inside the conductor are...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.6K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

1.1K
Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Superconductor-insulator transition in two-dimensional indium-indium-oxide composite.

Bar Hen1, Xinyang Zhang2,3, Victor Shelukhin1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 31, 2020
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Researchers studied a hybrid superconductor-insulator system. They observed giant magnetoresistance, revealing insights into Cooper pair and vortex duality at lower magnetic fields.

Keywords:
granular superconductivityquantum phase transitionsuperconductor–insulator transition

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconductor-to-insulator transitions (SIT) are fundamental phenomena in condensed matter physics.
  • Understanding the role of magnetic fields and material structure is crucial for controlling these transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (H-SIT) in a novel hybrid system.
  • To explore the critical behavior and magnetoresistance properties of superconducting indium islands on an indium oxide thin film.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a hybrid system using superconducting indium islands on an indium oxide (InOx) thin film.
  • Tuning InOx film conductivity via vacuum annealing to modify intergrain coupling.
  • Measurement of magnetoresistance and critical behavior under varying magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid system demonstrated a "giant" magnetoresistance above the H-SIT.
  • Critical behavior mirrored that of uniform InOx films but at significantly lower magnetic fields.
  • Evidence of duality between Cooper pairs and vortices was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid system provides a unique platform for studying quantum criticality and nonequilibrium phenomena.
  • The observed giant magnetoresistance highlights the potential for novel electronic applications.
  • The study elucidates the interplay between superconductivity, insulating states, and magnetic fields.