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Effect of retirement on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Celia Alvarez-Bueno1,2, Ivan Cavero-Redondo3,2, Estela Jimenez-Lopez1,4,5
1Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|December 31, 2020
Summary
Retirement does not negatively impact global cognition in adults. While there is a slight adverse effect on memory skills, this association is not influenced by demographic or study factors.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Public Health
Background:
- Understanding the cognitive implications of retirement is crucial for aging populations.
- Previous research has yielded mixed results on retirement's effect on cognitive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize longitudinal studies examining the association between retirement and cognitive function.
- To assess the impact of retirement on global cognition and memory-related skills over time.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of longitudinal studies was conducted using major scientific databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO).
- Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
- Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to calculate effect sizes and explore influencing factors.
Main Results:
- The pooled effect size indicated no significant association between retirement and global cognition (ES = -0.01).
- A slight adverse association was found for memory-related skills (ES = -0.09), though not statistically significant.
- Meta-regression analyses revealed no influence of follow-up length, percentage of women, or age on these associations.
Conclusions:
- Retirement appears to have a neutral effect on global cognitive function in adults.
- A minor negative impact on memory-related skills may exist, but its clinical significance is uncertain.
- Demographic and study characteristics do not appear to moderate the relationship between retirement and cognitive changes.
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