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Antioxidant Therapy in Graves' Orbitopathy
Giulia Lanzolla1, Claudio Marcocci1, Michele Marinò1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Abstract:
The balance of the cell redox state is a key point for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leads to oxidative damage of tissues, which is involved in the development of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring autoimmune-related condition associated with Graves' Disease (GD). Patients with active, moderate-to-severe GO, are generally treated with high doses intravenous glucocorticoids (ivGCs) and/or orbital radiotherapy. On the contrary, up to recently, local ointments were the treatment most frequently offered to patients with mild GO, because the risks related to ivGCs does not justify the relatively poor benefits expected in mild GO. However, a medical treatment for these patients is heavily wanted, considering that GO can progress into more severe forms and also patients with mild GO complain with an impairment in their quality of life. Thus, based on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO, a therapy with antioxidant agents has been proposed and a number of studies have been performed, both in vitro and in vivo, which is reviewed here.
Insights
Oxidative stress contributes to Graves
Area of Science:
- Cellular biology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Cellular redox balance is crucial for homeostasis.
- Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage, implicated in autoimmune diseases.
- Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition linked to Graves' Disease (GD), affecting the eyes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of oxidative stress in Graves' Orbitopathy pathogenesis.
- To explore the potential of antioxidant therapies for GO.
- To address the unmet need for effective treatments for mild GO.
Main Methods:
- Review of in vitro studies on oxidative stress and GO.
- Review of in vivo studies on oxidative stress and GO.
- Analysis of existing treatment strategies for GO.
Main Results:
- Oxidative stress plays a significant role in GO development.
- Antioxidant therapies show promise for managing GO.
- Current treatments for mild GO are limited, highlighting the need for new approaches.
Conclusions:
- Targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants is a potential therapeutic strategy for Graves' Orbitopathy.
- Further research is warranted to develop and validate antioxidant treatments for GO patients.
- Addressing oxidative stress may improve quality of life for patients with mild GO.
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