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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Antioxidant Therapy in Graves' Orbitopathy.

Giulia Lanzolla1, Claudio Marcocci1, Michele Marinò1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress contributes to Graves

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cellular redox balance is crucial for homeostasis.
  • Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage, implicated in autoimmune diseases.
  • Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition linked to Graves' Disease (GD), affecting the eyes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of oxidative stress in Graves' Orbitopathy pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of antioxidant therapies for GO.
  • To address the unmet need for effective treatments for mild GO.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies on oxidative stress and GO.
  • Review of in vivo studies on oxidative stress and GO.
  • Analysis of existing treatment strategies for GO.
Keywords:
EnalaprilGraves’ orbitopathy (GO)N-acetyl-l-cysteineQuercetinVitamin Cmelatoninoxidative stressβ-carotene

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Main Results:

  • Oxidative stress plays a significant role in GO development.
  • Antioxidant therapies show promise for managing GO.
  • Current treatments for mild GO are limited, highlighting the need for new approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants is a potential therapeutic strategy for Graves' Orbitopathy.
  • Further research is warranted to develop and validate antioxidant treatments for GO patients.
  • Addressing oxidative stress may improve quality of life for patients with mild GO.