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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
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The Use of a &#946;-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions
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Class D β-lactamases.

Eun-Jeong Yoon1, Seok Hoon Jeong1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

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|December 31, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Class D beta-lactamases, particularly the OXA family, exhibit diverse resistance profiles due to unique active sites. This review proposes a new phylogenetic model for grouping OXA subfamilies and discusses their occurrence and substrate spectra.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Enzymology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Class D beta-lactamases, with the OXA family as the dominant group, are crucial in bacterial resistance.
  • These enzymes are found intrinsically in environmental bacteria and acquired in pathogens via mobile genetic elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated classification of OXA subfamilies using phylogenetic analysis.
  • To describe the functional groups, occurrence, and substrate spectra of class D beta-lactamases.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis for subfamily grouping.
  • Review of existing literature on class D beta-lactamase occurrence and substrate spectra.

Main Results:

  • The OXA family is superheterogeneous, necessitating a revised grouping scheme.
  • Active site structure, including loop variations, dictates the diverse substrate hydrolysis profiles.
  • Amino acid substitutions significantly impact enzyme activity and substrate range.

Conclusions:

  • A new model for OXA subfamily grouping based on phylogenetic analysis is presented.
  • Understanding OXA enzyme diversity is critical for combating antibiotic resistance.