Dual catalytic cascaded nanoplatform for photo/chemodynamic/starvation synergistic therapy

In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) was attached to prussian blue (PB) by a one-pot method to prepare PBMO. Then, the GOD was loaded onto PBMO through the electrostatic interaction of hyaluronic acid (HA) to form tumor-targeted nanoplatform (PBMO-GH). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gluconic acid were produced through the GOD-catalyzed enzymatic reaction. Meanwhile, PB could not only catalyze H₂O₂ for oxygen generation to further promote glucose consumption but also possess the property of photothermal conversion. As a result, glucose was continuously consumed to achieve the starvation therapy (ST), and the photothermal therapy (PTT) could be realized under near-infrared (NIR) light. Besides, the Mn²⁺ generated by the reaction of MnO₂ with glutathione (GSH) could exert Fenton-like reaction to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from H₂O₂, which thereby realized self-reinforcing chemodynamic therapy (CDT). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PBMO-GH could effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells via ST/CDT/PTT synergistic effect. Therefore, the as-prepared nanoplatform for multi-modal therapy will provide a promising paradigm for overcoming cancer.