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Electromembrane extraction using deep eutectic solvents as the liquid membrane.

Frederik André Hansen1, Elia Santigosa-Murillo2, Maria Ramos-Payán3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) show promise as supported liquid membranes (SLMs) for efficient electromembrane extraction (EME) of diverse compounds. Coumarin-thymol mixtures proved highly effective for both acids and bases, enabling sensitive drug analysis in plasma.

Keywords:
Basic drugsElectromembrane extractionHuman plasmaNatural deep eutectic solventsSample preparation

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a sample preparation technique.
  • Supported liquid membranes (SLMs) are used in EME.
  • Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) have not been explored as SLMs for EME.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrophobic DES as SLMs for EME for the first time.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of DES-SLMs for extracting non-polar and polar compounds.
  • To assess the analytical applicability of DES-SLM EME for drug analysis in plasma.

Main Methods:

  • Four non-ionic DES components (camphor, coumarin, DL-menthol, thymol) were synthesized.
  • DES compositions were systematically varied to study mass transfer.
  • EME coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS was used for drug analysis in plasma samples.

Main Results:

  • Coumarin-thymol DES mixtures demonstrated high efficiency as SLMs for both non-polar acids and bases.
  • The developed method showed excellent linearity, recovery (47-93%), and repeatability (1.6-10.7% RSD) for drug analysis.
  • The EME method provided excellent clean-up, with no observed plasma matrix effects.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrophobic DES, particularly coumarin-thymol mixtures, are effective SLMs for EME.
  • DES-SLMs offer broad applicability for extracting compounds across a wide polarity range.
  • This approach holds significant potential for future research and analytical applications in EME.