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Neural Computations of Threat.

Ifat Levy1, Daniela Schiller2

  • 1Departments of Comparative Medicine, Neuroscience, and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|January 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Understanding threat responses involves learning, memory, and decision-making, crucial for anxiety and trauma. This review integrates neural computations across threat stages for better diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Bayesian inferencePTSDamygdalaanxietyextinctionfear conditioningprefrontal cortexreconsolidationreinforcement learningstriatumuncertaintyvalue

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Threat perception and response are fundamental to survival.
  • Disruptions in threat processing are implicated in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Existing research often isolates specific aspects of threat processing, hindering a holistic understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neural computations underlying threat processing across different stages.
  • To highlight the interconnectedness of learning, memory, and decision-making in threat responses.
  • To propose an integrative computational approach for studying threat-related psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neural computations in threat processing.
  • Analysis of shared neural and computational mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings across threat encounter, cue learning, and decision-making stages.

Main Results:

  • Threat processing involves complex, interconnected neural computations.
  • Shared mechanisms support learning, memory, and decision-making in response to threats.
  • An integrated view reveals how these processes are disrupted in psychopathology.

Conclusions:

  • An integrative approach, studying computations across threat stages, is essential.
  • This approach offers novel insights into the evolution, diagnosis, and treatment of threat-related disorders.
  • Understanding integrated threat computations can advance clinical interventions for anxiety and trauma.