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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia
Published on: September 28, 2022
Anesthesia for Combined Heart and Liver Transplantation
Alan M Smeltz1, Priya A Kumar2, Harendra Arora2
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Abstract:
A heart or liver transplantation procedure performed in isolation itself presents multiple challenges for the perioperative team. Accordingly, combining both transplants yields a vastly more complicated surgery, with many unique multisystem and multidisciplinary considerations. Although combined heart and liver transplantations are being performed with increasing frequency, nationwide experience is relatively limited at most institutions. The aim of this review is to discuss the perioperative challenges presented to the anesthesiology teams and provide evidence-based guidance for the management of these daunting procedures.
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