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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Art Training in Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Katherine G Johnson1, Annalise A D'Souza1, Melody Wiseheart1

  • 1Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

An 8-week visual art training program did not significantly improve cognition, delayed recall, or working memory in individuals with dementia. Further research is needed to explore art therapy

Keywords:
artcognitiondelayed recalldementiaworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia is characterized by cognitive deficits, including impaired overall cognition, delayed recall, and working memory.
  • Visual art training is explored as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for dementia.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03175822.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of an 8-week visual art training program on cognitive functions in individuals with dementia.
  • To assess changes in overall cognition, delayed recall, and working memory.
  • To compare outcomes between an art training group and a usual-activity waitlist control group.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized control trial was conducted with 53 individuals diagnosed with dementia.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to either an art training group (n=27) or a control group (n=26).
  • Cognition and delayed recall were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); working memory was assessed via the Backward Digit Span task.

Main Results:

  • No significant group differences were observed in overall cognition or working memory.
  • A difference in delayed recall between the groups was undetermined based on post-test-pre-test difference scores.
  • Baseline comparability across all measures was confirmed between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The 8-week visual art training program did not demonstrate a significant effect on the cognitive measures used in this study.
  • Neither delayed recall, overall cognition, nor working memory showed improvement following the art intervention.
  • The findings suggest that this specific visual art training protocol may not be effective for enhancing cognition in people with dementia.