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Diversified Resistance Mechanisms in Multi-Resistant Lolium spp. in Three European Countries
Laura Scarabel1, Silvia Panozzo1, Donato Loddo1
1Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Padua, Italy.
Frontiers in Plant Science
|January 1, 2021
Summary
Annual ryegrass exhibits multiple herbicide resistance in European cereal crops. Resistance mechanisms are complex, involving target-site mutations and metabolic detoxification, necessitating careful management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Agronomy
- Plant Science
- Weed Science
Background:
- Annual ryegrass (Lolium spp.) is a global cereal crop pest.
- Multiple herbicide resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors is a growing issue in Europe.
- Understanding resistance patterns and mechanisms is crucial for effective weed management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate herbicide resistance patterns in Lolium spp. populations from Denmark, Greece, and Italy.
- To identify the diversity of target-site and metabolic resistance mechanisms.
- To inform resistance management strategies in cereal crops.
Main Methods:
- Collection and analysis of Lolium spp. populations from Denmark, Greece, and Italy.
- Determination of resistance levels to ALS and ACCase inhibitors.
- Genotyping for target-site resistance mutations in ACCase and ALS genes.
- Analysis of metabolic resistance gene expression (GST, CYP450s, NMO).
Main Results:
- All populations showed high resistance to ALS inhibitors.
- Resistance to ACCase inhibitors varied, with Greek and Italian populations showing moderate to high resistance to clodinafop-propargyl and low to moderate resistance to pinoxaden.
- Danish populations exhibited lower resistance to ACCase inhibitors.
- Mutations in ACCase and ALS genes were detected in Greek and Italian populations, but not consistently in Danish populations.
- Upregulation of GST and CYP450 genes was observed in resistant plants, indicating metabolic resistance.
- Significant heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms was found within and among populations.
Conclusions:
- Lolium spp. populations in Europe display complex and diverse herbicide resistance mechanisms.
- Co-evolution of target-site and metabolic resistance is evident, particularly in Denmark and Italy.
- Effective resistance management strategies must consider these diversified mechanisms for sustainable weed control in cereal crops.
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