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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

The Organoid Reconstitution Assay ORA for the Functional Analysis of Intestinal Stem and Niche Cells
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The cellular niche for intestinal stem cells: a team effort.

Guoli Zhu1, Jiulong Hu1,2, Rongwen Xi3,4

  • 1National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.

Cell Regeneration (London, England)
|January 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) rely on niche cells, including Paneth cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, for their self-renewal and differentiation. Recent advances clarify these niche signals essential for intestinal epithelium regeneration.

Keywords:
Epithelial layerFibroblastIntestinal stem cellLgr5Mesenchymal cellStem cell nicheStromal cellTelocyteTrophocyteWntscRNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium constantly renews, a process driven by multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs).
  • ISCs reside in crypts and depend on a specialized microenvironment, the niche, for their maintenance.
  • The niche comprises Paneth cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, which provide crucial signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize recent advancements in understanding the regulation of intestinal stem cells.
  • To focus on identifying and characterizing the specific niche cells that sustain ISCs.
  • To highlight the role of niche-derived signals in ISC self-renewal and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of single-cell and gene editing technologies.
  • Synthesis of data on cellular components of the ISC niche.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal cells as key niche components.
  • Recognition of Paneth cells and Paneth-like cells as essential niche regulators.
  • Elucidation of multiple secreted niche signals promoting ISC self-renewal.

Conclusions:

  • The ISC niche is a complex microenvironment involving diverse cell types.
  • Mesenchymal and Paneth cells collectively orchestrate ISC behavior through secreted signals.
  • Understanding the ISC niche is critical for comprehending intestinal homeostasis and regeneration.