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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
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Reviewing nanoplastic toxicology: It's an interface problem.

Shinji Kihara1, Ingo Köper2, Jitendra P Mata3

  • 1School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|January 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concerns about nanoplastics are growing, but their toxicity is poorly understood. This review summarizes adverse effects on organisms and discusses strategies, including protein corona formation, to assess nanoplastic risks.

Keywords:
Nanoplasticcellular interactionseco-coronananotoxicologyprotein corona

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Growing international concerns exist regarding nanoplastics' environmental and health impacts.
  • Current knowledge gaps hinder accurate risk assessment and management of nanoplastics.
  • Research has primarily focused on documenting nanoplastic effects on biological organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on nanoplastic adverse effects on biological organisms.
  • To discuss strategies for understanding nanoplastic properties and toxicity.
  • To explore the role of protein corona and eco-corona formation in nanoplastic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanoplastic toxicity studies.
  • Analysis of mechanistic approaches in nanotoxicology.
  • Discussion of protein corona and eco-corona formation.
  • Exploration of model system approaches (e.g., model protein corona, lipid bilayers).

Main Results:

  • Nanoplastic toxicity research has focused on biological impacts.
  • Mechanistic approaches aim to predict biological effects based on nanoparticle characteristics.
  • Protein and eco-corona formation are critical but complex aspects of nanoplastic interactions.
  • Model systems offer potential for deeper understanding and corroboration of in vitro findings.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand nanoplastic properties and toxicity.
  • Investigating corona formation is crucial for assessing nanoplastic risks.
  • Model systems can enhance the understanding of nanoplastic-biological interactions.