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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vitamin D is crucial for bone health.
  • Limited data exists on vitamin D supplementation effects in stunted young children.
  • Rickets and growth stunting are significant concerns in developing populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on rickets risk.
  • To assess the effect of vitamin D on linear growth in infants and young children.
  • To investigate these effects in Afghan children.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 3046 children aged 1-11 months.
  • Random assignment to oral vitamin D3 (100,000 IU) or placebo every 3 months for 18 months.
  • Rickets assessed via radiographs; growth measured by weight and length, with z-scores calculated.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D supplementation did not significantly reduce rickets prevalence (5.3% vs 5.5%).
  • No significant difference in height-for-age z-scores between groups (mean difference 0.05).
  • A positive effect on height-for-age z-scores was observed in children with higher dietary calcium intake (>300 mg/day).

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D supplementation showed no overall benefit for rickets or growth in this population.
  • The findings suggest that vitamin D's efficacy may be influenced by concurrent dietary calcium intake.
  • Further research is needed to understand the interplay between vitamin D and calcium for optimal child development.