Safety of medical second trimester abortions for women with prior cesarean sections

Medical second-trimester abortion in women with prior cesarean section (CS) is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. However, data about the safety of the procedure are limited. This study addresses this issue.

Retrospective cohort single-center study, done in Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem, a tertiary-care university hospital. This study included 779 women who needed pregnancy termination between 13 and 26 gestational weeks. 128 women had at least one previous CS (study group), whereas 651 had no CS (reference group). Protocols used were: (1) misoprostol tablets, 800 mcg vaginally followed by 400 mcg orally every 3 h up to four oral doses, (2) Oxytocin drip. Nearly one-fourth of the women received mifepristone as a preliminary treatment for cervical ripening. The outcomes assessed included the following complications: retained placenta, bleeding with or without requiring blood transfusion, infection, cervical lacerations, uterine adhesions and uterine ruptures.

Previous CS does not appear to increase the incidence of complications, excluding clinical bleeding without requiring blood transfusions (p value 0.05), which has a minimal clinical significance. Oxytocin protocol had 3.44 OR for complications, compared to misoprostol (p value 0.03, CI; 1.12- 10.52). No significant correlation was found between Misoprostol dosage and complications (Mann-Whitney U test, p value 0.057).

Medical second-trimester abortions for women with prior CS should be considered a safe and effective procedure, with a low complication rate. The most serious complication is uterine rupture, which is uncommon; we recorded one case only. Misoprostol protocol should be preferred.

IRB 0177-17-HMO, 5/2014.