Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

451
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
451
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

75.1K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
75.1K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.2K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.2K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

1.8K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
1.8K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.3K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Breaking down barriers to improve phage therapy delivery.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

What is the role of immune responses to phage in phage therapy?

Expert review of anti-infective therapy·2026
Same author

Physicochemical and Proteolytic Barriers Limiting Activity of Cpl-1 and Pal Endolysins in Human Circulation.

Current issues in molecular biology·2026
Same author

Immune Responses to Phage Therapy in Humans: A Review.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

In situ gut microbiota editing: enhancing therapeutic efficacy for bacterial colitis by compatible oral hydrogel microspheres with phages.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Transcriptomic analysis of phage-mammalian cell interaction reveals diverse phage immunobarcodes.

iScience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries
12:55

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

19.0K

Phage-specific antibodies.

Katarzyna Gembara1, Krystyna Dąbrowska1

  • 1Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|January 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Antibodies against bacteriophages (phages) can impact phage therapy. However, careful dose control and understanding phage antigenicity can optimize therapeutic effectiveness and minimize immune interference.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Antibodies targeting bacteriophages (phages) are frequently observed in humans and animals.
  • Phages elicit a T-dependent immune response, crucial for immunological memory and sustained recognition of foreign epitopes.
  • Experimental data suggest phage-specific antibodies can significantly reduce phage efficacy in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of host immune responses, specifically antibodies, on bacteriophage therapy.
  • To explore strategies for managing immune responses during phage therapy to maintain therapeutic efficacy.
  • To enhance the design of phage therapy by considering phage antigenicity and potential antibody cross-reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antibody responses to phages in animal models and human phage therapy.

More Related Videos

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
10:17

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Published on: January 14, 2020

8.1K
Interactome-Seq: A Protocol for Domainome Library Construction, Validation and Selection by Phage Display and Next Generation Sequencing
12:04

Interactome-Seq: A Protocol for Domainome Library Construction, Validation and Selection by Phage Display and Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: October 3, 2018

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries
12:55

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

19.0K
Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
10:17

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Published on: January 14, 2020

8.1K
Interactome-Seq: A Protocol for Domainome Library Construction, Validation and Selection by Phage Display and Next Generation Sequencing
12:04

Interactome-Seq: A Protocol for Domainome Library Construction, Validation and Selection by Phage Display and Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: October 3, 2018

9.2K
  • Analysis of experimental findings on the effects of phage-specific antibodies on phage viability and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Exploration of immunological principles governing phage-host interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • While phage-specific antibodies can be detrimental to phage viability, they do not invariably impede successful phage therapy in humans.
    • Controlling phage dosage is a viable strategy to modulate the immune response and establish 'therapeutic windows'.
    • Understanding phage antigenicity is key to predicting and potentially mitigating cross-reactive immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Phage therapy efficacy can be influenced by host antibody responses, but this is not an absolute contraindication.
    • Strategic dose management and a deeper understanding of phage immunology are critical for optimizing phage therapy protocols.
    • Further research into phage antigenicity and antibody cross-reactivity will refine phage therapy design and application.