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Developmental Risks in Vulnerable Children from a Low-Income South African Community

Maria N du Toit1, Jeannie van der Linde2, De Wet Swanepoel2,3,4

  • 1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. maria.dutoit@up.ac.za.

Maternal and Child Health Journal
|January 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

In a South African low-income community, 73% of young children showed possible developmental delays. Exposure to multiple languages and older age were significant risk factors for developmental delays in children.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomic Factors

Background:

  • Early childhood development is crucial for long-term outcomes.
  • Low-income communities often face unique challenges impacting child development.
  • Understanding developmental risks is vital for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify developmental risks in young children from a low-income South African community.
  • To examine the influence of these risks on child development outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory, cross-sectional study design was used.
  • 126 children (0-42 months) and their caregivers participated in home visits.
  • Developmental screening and binomial logistic regression were employed.

Main Results:

  • 73% of children screened positive for possible developmental delay based on caregiver reports.
  • Exposure to multiple languages significantly increased the risk of developmental delay (OR 3.810).
  • Older children (19-42 months) were at higher risk than younger children (0-18 months).

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare professionals should educate caregivers on developmental risks, especially multiple language exposure.
  • Early identification and intervention are critical for vulnerable populations.
  • Addressing socioeconomic factors can improve developmental trajectories.
Abstract

Keywords:
Child developmentDevelopmental delayDevelopmental risksLMICLow-income

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