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[Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis, overlooked fungal diseases]

Radim Dobiáš1, Vladimír Havlíček

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Institute of Health based in Ostrava, Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Czech Republic,

Klinicka Mikrobiologie a Infekcni Lekarstvi
|January 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Chromoblastomycosis, a fungal infection caused by dark-pigmented fungi, primarily affects immunocompetent individuals, often farmers. This occupational disease, though rare, can occur as imported or autochthonous infection even in regions like the Czech Republic.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dark-pigmented fungi are ubiquitous soil saprophytes.
  • Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are distinct infections caused by these fungi.
  • Chromoblastomycosis primarily affects immunocompetent individuals, often linked to occupational exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate chromoblastomycosis from phaeohyphomycosis.
  • To highlight the risk factors and demographics associated with chromoblastomycosis.
  • To discuss the occurrence of chromoblastomycosis in non-endemic regions like the Czech Republic.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination of infected tissue for characteristic muriform cells.
  • Clinical diagnosis based on patient immunity and exposure history.
  • Epidemiological review of chromoblastomycosis cases.

Main Results:

  • Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by muriform cells in tissue and affects immunocompetent hosts.
  • Phaeohyphomycosis, associated with immune disorders, involves tissue necrosis and a broader fungal range.
  • Chromoblastomycosis is considered an occupational disease, prevalent in farmers and agricultural workers.

Conclusions:

  • Chromoblastomycosis is a distinct fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompetent individuals.
  • Awareness of chromoblastomycosis is crucial for occupational health, especially in agricultural settings.
  • Imported cases of chromoblastomycosis can occur in non-endemic areas, necessitating diagnostic vigilance.

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