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Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability
Reena Tiwari1, Ravindra Kumar2, Sujata Malik3
1Department of Morphology and Physiology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
Insights
Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic nervous system function and cardiovascular health. Low HRV indicates increased risk for cardiac diseases and mortality in adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Physiology
- Autonomic Nervous System
Background:
- The heart is central to the circulatory system, ensuring nutrient transport.
- Cardiac function involves complex variability, not just simple oscillation.
- Heart rate adjusts to psychophysiological conditions for stimulus regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide comprehensive information on heart rate variability (HRV).
- To explore various factors influencing HRV.
- To highlight the clinical applications of HRV.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of HRV from major scientific databases.
- Focus on the autonomic nervous system's role in HRV regulation.
- Analysis of factors affecting HRV.
Main Results:
- HRV quantifies beat-to-beat variations, indicating cardiovascular health.
- HRV reflects the interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- Low HRV is linked to increased mortality risk in adults.
Conclusions:
- HRV is crucial for assessing cardiac health and autonomic nervous system function.
- High HRV correlates with healthy conditions, while low HRV suggests pathology.
- HRV is influenced by pathological, physiological, psychological, lifestyle, and genetic factors.
Background:
The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-functioning cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscillation, as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the internal-external stimulus.
Objective:
The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnection so that HRV can be used in clinical practices.
Methods:
This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV and the role of various factors affecting HRV.
Results:
The variation in the time between two heartbeats is termed as HRV. It is one of the indicators of many pathological conditions related to cardiovascular health. It provided reliable information about the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The analysis of the variation of heart rate is a well-known non-invasive technique to identify the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) depends on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for transferring information. The cardio-accelerating center, lungs, and non-striated muscles are innervated by cardiac sympathetic nerves. This division of ANS latches upon the heart accordingly via the cervicothoracic ganglion and vagus nerve. It is found that cardiac normal variability depends upon this stimulation towards the sinoatrial node (pacemaker), which can be evaluated by analyzing the HRV. In human-based studies, it has been found that a low level of HRV is one of the main causes of death rate among adults. Hence, HRV helps in identifying the risk of cardiac diseases and the state of ANS.
Conclusion:
The heart plays a vital role in the human body and the well-functioning of the cardiac system is the need for a healthy life. The heart contains its nervous system termed as neurocardio system in which ANS plays a key role in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems interplay to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition, while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.
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