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Fabrication of Biosensing Interface with Monolayers.

Mutsuo Tanaka1, Osamu Niwa2

  • 1Department of Life Science & Green Chemistry, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama, 369-0293, Japan. mutsuo-tanaka@sit.ac.jp.

Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Surface modification of carbon and silica creates dense monolayers for biosensors. This enables sensitive, label-free detection of biomarkers in human serum using waveguide-mode sensors.

Keywords:
Surface modificationbiosensing interfacemonolayersilane compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Surface chemistry
  • Biosensor technology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Surface modification is crucial for fabricating effective biosensing interfaces.
  • Close-packed monolayers on carbon (GC, HOPG) and silica substrates are key for biosensor performance.
  • Diazonium and trialkoxysilane derivatives offer pathways to achieve dense surface modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate methods for creating close-packed monolayers on carbon and silica surfaces.
  • To investigate the electrochemical properties of ferrocene-modified surfaces to understand monolayer density.
  • To develop a biosensing interface for waveguide-mode sensors using optimized surface modification techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Surface modification of glassy carbon (GC), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and silica substrates.
  • Synthesis of ferrocene-containing redox-active molecules for surface characterization.
  • Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry to assess surface concentration and blocking effects.
  • Fabrication of a waveguide-mode sensor using triethoxysilane derivatives with succinimide ester and oligoethylene glycol.

Main Results:

  • Diazonium derivatives can form close-packed monolayers on GC and HOPG, comparable to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs).
  • Trialkoxysilanes form close-packed monolayers, with longer alkyl chains favoring modification under milder conditions.
  • Electrochemical studies provided insights into surface density and blocking effects crucial for achieving close-packed layers.
  • The developed waveguide-mode sensor successfully detected biomarkers in human serum at concentrations of tens of ng/mL without labeling.

Conclusions:

  • Close-packed monolayers can be effectively formed on both carbon and silica surfaces using diazonium and trialkoxysilane chemistry.
  • Understanding surface modification parameters is essential for optimizing biosensor performance.
  • The fabricated waveguide-mode sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for label-free biomarker detection in complex biological samples.