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Prospective Memory Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Voxel-based Morphometry and Double Inversion Recovery Analysis.

Megumi Toko1, Juri Kitamura1,2, Hiroki Ueno1

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Summary

Prospective memory (PM) deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are linked to atrophy in specific brain regions, not gray matter plaques. Early detection of PM decline and brain atrophy is crucial for MS patients.

Keywords:
double inversion recoverymultiple sclerosisprospective memoryvoxel-based morphometry analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is vital for daily functioning and is frequently impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Gray matter (GM) atrophy and lesions are implicated in cognitive deficits in MS patients.
  • Understanding the neural correlates of PM deficits in MS is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific atrophic gray matter (GM) regions associated with prospective memory (PM) deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To investigate the relationship between these atrophic GM regions and the presence of GM plaques in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological tests (Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test) and MRI scans were administered to 21 MS patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used for lesion-symptom mapping to correlate PM performance with GM volume.
  • Gray matter (GM) plaques were assessed in relevant areas using double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly lower PM scores compared to HCs (p=0.0064).
  • VBM analysis revealed significant correlations between PM scores and reduced GM volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part), left hippocampus, and right parahippocampus.
  • GM plaques were largely absent in the identified atrophic regions, with only one patient showing a plaque in the left hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Atrophy in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left hippocampus, and right parahippocampus is associated with PM deficits in MS, independent of GM plaque location.
  • Neuropsychological testing and VBM are recommended for detecting PM deficits and GM atrophy in MS, irrespective of lesion imaging findings.