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Formal Syntax and Deep History.

Andrea Ceolin1, Cristina Guardiano2, Monica Alexandrina Irimia2

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Syntactic traits, not just sounds, reveal deep language history. Analyzing nominal structures in 69 languages uncovered reliable phylogenetic signals, challenging previous assumptions in historical linguistics.

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Area of Science:

  • Historical Linguistics
  • Biolinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Long-standing assumptions in historical linguistics often prioritize phonological data.
  • The utility of syntactic traits for deep-time language history has been underestimated.
  • Generative biolinguistic frameworks offer novel approaches to linguistic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether syntactic traits can provide reliable insights into deep-time language history.
  • To challenge the prevailing focus on phonology in historical linguistic reconstruction.
  • To test the applicability of the generative biolinguistic framework to large-scale syntactic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Encoding nominal structure diversity across 69 languages using 94 binary parameters.
  • Applying phylogenetic methods to analyze syntactic data from 13 Eurasian language families.
  • Comparing resulting syntactic phylogenies with established etymological family trees.

Main Results:

  • A robust phylogenetic signal was identified within syntactic structures, distinguishing all major Eurasian language families.
  • Syntactic phylogenies closely matched established etymological family trees, demonstrating high accuracy.
  • "Near-perfect" phylogenies were retrieved, showing resilience to homoplasy and horizontal convergence, unlike phonological features.

Conclusions:

  • Syntactic traits offer a powerful and reliable tool for reconstructing deep-time language history.
  • The findings support the integration of syntax into historical linguistic analyses and biolinguistic theories.
  • This study provides a new framework for understanding linguistic diversity and cross-family relationships.