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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Convergent Validity of Three Measures of Reflective Function: Parent Development Interview, Parental Reflective

Lubna Anis1, Grace Perez2, Karen M Benzies2

  • 1Faculty of Nursing, Cumming School of Medicine (Pediatrics), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Parental reflective functioning (RF) measures children's mental health. The Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire (PRFQ) shows convergent validity with the gold standard, offering a rapid assessment tool for large studies.

Keywords:
APrON studyconvergent validitymeasurementparental reflective function questionnairereflective functionreflective function questionnairereflective function scale

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Reflective Functioning (RF) assesses understanding of mental states, crucial for adult and child well-being.
  • Parental RF specifically relates to a parent's capacity to consider their child's mental states.
  • Current gold standard RF assessment (RFS via PDI/AAI) is time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the convergent validity of two alternative RF measures: the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ) and the Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire (PRFQ).
  • To assess the PRFQ's utility as a rapid and valid measure of parental RF.

Main Methods:

  • 150 mothers and fathers from the APrON cohort participated.
  • Convergent validity was tested by comparing PRFQ and RFQ scores with the gold standard PDI-rated RFS.
  • Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression, and Cohen's kappas.

Main Results:

  • Two subscales of the PRFQ demonstrated significant correlations with the PDI-rated RFS (p < 0.05).
  • This provides evidence for the convergent validity of the PRFQ.
  • The PRFQ emerged as a promising brief, multidimensional measure.

Conclusions:

  • The Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire (PRFQ) is a valid and efficient alternative for assessing parental reflective functioning.
  • The PRFQ is suitable for large-scale research on parental development and child health.
  • This facilitates broader research into the impact of parental RF on child outcomes.