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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Hearing Loss and Irritability Reporting Without Vestibular Differences in Explosive Breaching Professionals.

Claire M Modica1, Brian R Johnson2, Christopher Zalewski3

  • 1Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology
|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Experienced military and law enforcement "breachers" exposed to repeated blast overpressure reported more hearing loss and irritability. Combat exposure also contributed to cognitive issues like memory loss and difficulty concentrating.

Keywords:
blast overpressurecareer breachinghearing losssymptom reportingvestibular

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Area of Science:

  • Military medicine
  • Occupational health
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Blast exposure is a significant risk in military operations.
  • Protective gear may not fully mitigate cumulative blast overpressure effects.
  • Long-term outcomes of repeated blast exposure require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess long-term hearing and vestibular outcomes in experienced military and law enforcement personnel with repeated blast overpressure exposure.
  • To compare outcomes between explosives professionals ('breachers') and non-explosives personnel ('non-breachers').

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of experienced breachers and non-breachers.
  • Clinical interviews and audiological/vestibular testing.
  • Assessment of long-term health outcomes related to occupational blast exposure.

Main Results:

  • Breachers showed higher incidence of hearing loss, tinnitus, irritability, and sensory sensitivity compared to non-breachers.
  • Memory loss and concentration difficulties were linked to both breaching and combat exposure.
  • No significant differences were found in vestibular and ocular motor outcomes between groups.

Conclusions:

  • A career involving breaching is associated with hearing problems, irritability, and sensory sensitivity.
  • Combat exposure is a confounding factor in assessing long-term blast exposure effects.
  • Future research should control for combat exposure when studying occupational blast effects.