Classification of Congenital Zika Syndrome: Muscle Tone, Motor Type, Body Segments Affected, and Gross Motor Function
Janiele de Sales Tavares1, Gabriela Lopes Gama1,2, Marcia Cristina Dias Borges3
1Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Insights
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) often causes muscle tone abnormalities, including axial hypotonia and appendicular hypertonia. These findings are linked to significant motor impairments in affected children.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a complex condition with neurological implications.
- Understanding the spectrum of motor dysfunction in CZS is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize muscle tone and motor function abnormalities in children with CZS.
- To correlate these findings with the severity of motor impairment.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional observational study of 96 children with CZS.
- Muscle tone assessed via specific maneuvers (e.g., pull to sit, scarf sign) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS).
- Motor impairment evaluated using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).
Main Results:
- 60.5% of children showed abnormalities in muscle tone tests.
- 94.8% exhibited hypertonia in appendicular muscles (MAS > 0).
- 91.7% had motor impairment affecting all four limbs.
Conclusions:
- Axial hypotonia and appendicular hypertonia are common in CZS.
- These muscle tone abnormalities are associated with severe motor impairment.
- Early identification of these motor deficits is vital for managing CZS.
Abstract:
Aim: To identify abnormalities in muscle tone and motor function associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).Method: A cross-sectional observational study involving 96 children (55 males) with CZS at a mean (SD) age 35.2 ± 2.9 months. Children's muscle tone was investigated using the pull to sit, scarf sign, shoulder suspension and ventral suspension tests and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Motor impairment was determined using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and body segments most affected with motor impairment.Results: 58 (60,5%) children tested positive for ≥1 maneuver used to evaluate muscle tone, while 38 (39.5%) tested negative in all the tests. MAS score was >0 for at least one of the appendicular muscles in 91 children (94.8%). In 88 children (91.7%), all four limbs were affected.Conclusion: Findings suggestive of axial hypotonia and appendicular hypertonia associated with severe motor impairment were prevalent in children with CZS.
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