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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Allergy prevention through breastfeeding.

Maurizio Mennini1, Stefania Arasi, Alessandro Giovanni Fiocchi

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human milk contains bioactive components influencing infant gut microbiota development.
  • Exclusively breastfed infants exhibit a distinct microbiota, often dominated by Bifidobacterium species.
  • Complex mechanisms, including epigenetic modulation, contribute to human milk's potential antiallergic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on breastfeeding as a primary prevention strategy for allergic diseases.
  • To explore the immunological and microbiological underpinnings of breastfeeding's role in allergy prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Nonsystematic literature review.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of human milk components on infant immune and microbial development.
  • Evaluation of evidence for breastfeeding's efficacy in preventing allergic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Human milk's bioactive components significantly shape infant gut microbiota composition.
  • Potential antiallergic effects are linked to polysaccharides, cytokines, proteins, and epigenetic modulation.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to establish breastfeeding as a definitive allergy prevention strategy.

Conclusions:

  • While human milk possesses components with potential antiallergic properties, robust evidence for its effectiveness as a primary prevention tool is lacking.
  • International scientific societies do not currently recognize breastfeeding as a primary allergy prevention strategy due to insufficient evidence.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and confirm the efficacy of breastfeeding in preventing allergic diseases.