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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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COVID-19 myocarditis and long-term heart failure sequelae

Jing Liu1, Anita Deswal2, Umair Khalid3

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|January 4, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause myocarditis and long-term heart failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing cardiac dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic.
  • Cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are common complications in COVID-19 patients.
  • Myocardial involvement in COVID-19 requires careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19 myocarditis.
  • To discuss the long-term heart failure sequelae associated with COVID-19.
  • To explore diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related cardiac dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 myocarditis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 can lead to a spectrum of ventricular dysfunction, including myocarditis.
  • Distinguishing myocarditis from other causes of cardiac dysfunction (e.g., cytokine storm, microvascular thrombosis) is challenging.
  • Myocardial dysfunction in COVID-19 is associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis of COVID-19 myocarditis is essential, utilizing laboratory tests, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and potentially endomyocardial biopsy.
  • Management involves supportive care and targeted therapies.
  • Further research is needed to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 myocarditis and refine diagnostic and treatment protocols.
Abstract

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