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Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

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Source Analysis of Triphasic Waves Using Quantitative Neuroimaging.

Alex Tiburtino Meira¹, Karen Fernanda Alves, Thais O P Rezende

¹Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|January 4, 2021

Summary

Triphasic waves (TWs) likely originate in the anterior cingulate cortex. Brain imaging shows posterior gray matter volume positively correlates with TWs, while anterior gray matter volume negatively correlates, suggesting a structural basis for TW generation.

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Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Published on: July 1, 2015

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Published on: May 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Neuroimaging

Background:

Triphasic waves (TWs) are a common EEG pattern, often associated with altered consciousness and thalamocortical dysfunction.
The precise origin and mechanism of TWs remain incompletely understood.
Investigating the neural correlates of TWs is crucial for understanding their clinical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the origin of Triphasic waves (TWs) using advanced EEG source imaging.
To correlate EEG source data with structural neuroanatomy derived from computerized tomography (CT).
To investigate the relationship between gray matter volumes and TW generation.

Main Methods:

EEG source analysis was performed on 28 patients exhibiting TWs.
CT scans underwent normalization and automated gray matter segmentation.
Voxelwise correlation analyses examined the relationship between EEG source maps and gray matter volumes.

Main Results:

Source analysis implicated the anterior cingulate cortex in the generation of TWs in 57% of patients.
Positive correlations were observed between posterior cingulate gray matter volume and TWs (r = 0.53, P = 0.002).
Negative correlations were found between superior frontal gyrus gray matter volume and TWs (r = -0.48, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest the anterior cingulate cortex plays a key role in the origin of TWs.
Positive correlations with posterior brain region volumes may indicate preserved structures contributing to TWs.
Negative correlations with anterior brain region volumes suggest a potential structural pattern underlying the abnormal network responsible for TWs.